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The aim of the study was to study the clinical and epidemiological features of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children hospitalized in the infectious department. Material and methods. 249 case histories of patients from 0 to 18 years of age who are on inpatient treatment at <<Clinical Hospital N1>> in Smolensk for the period from April 2020 to July 2022 were studied by the continuous sampling method. Verification of a new coronavirus infection was carried out by examining smears from the nasopharynx and oropharynx for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time PCR. Results. The prevalence of patients from 1 to 3 (19.3%, 49.1%) and from 6-15 (15.8%, 50.5%) years was revealed both in 2020 and in 2021 and the first half of 2022. No significant differences in gender were found. The largest number of cases in 2020 was registered in April (16%) and November (14%), in 2021 - in December (18%) and November (16%). The prevailing severity in both 2020 and 2021, 2022 was the average severity (63%, 72%, 93%, respectively). The main syndromes of COVID-19 have been identified: intoxication syndrome, respiratory catarrhal syndrome, bronchopulmonary, intestinal. Bilateral pneumonia was most often detected (47% in 2020, 44% in 2021, 62% in 2022), right-sided pneumonia (33% in 2020, 30% in 2021, 31% in 2022), and left-sided pneumonia (20%, 26% and 7%, respectively). The main co-morbid pathologies are noted, and cases of somatic diseases first registered against the background of COVID-19 are described.Copyright © Children Infections.All rights reserved
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths worldwide, with a relatively low 5-year survival rate. Although there are some therapies against lung cancer, new effective treatment options are urgently required. Recently during the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen that SARSCoV-2 binds to its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) via spike S1 to enter the cells. This study underlines the importance of SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 in inducing death in human lung cancer cells. Interestingly, we have seen that recombinant spike S1 treatment at very low doses led to death of human A549 lung cancer cells. On the other hand, boiled recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 remained unable to induce death, suggesting that the induction of cell death in A549 cells was due to native SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein. SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-induced A549 cell death was also inhibited by neutralizing antibodies against spike S1 and ACE2. Moreover, our newly designed wild type ACE2-interacting domain of SARS-CoV-2 (wtAIDS), but not mAIDS, peptide also attenuated SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-induced cell death, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 spike S1- induced death in lung cancer cells depends on its interaction with ACE2 receptor. Similarly, recombinant spike S1 treatment also led to death of H1299 and H358 human lung cancer cells. Finally, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) intoxication led to the formation tumors in lungs of A/J mice and alternate day intranasal treatment with low dose of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 from 22-weeks of NNK insult (late stage) led to induced apoptosis and tumor regression in the lungs. These studies indicate that recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein may have implications in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Introduction: Combination of daratumumab (Dara) and lenalidomide (Len) may enhance the function of teclistamab (Tec), potentially resulting in improved antimyeloma activity in a broader population. We present initial safety and efficacy data of Tec-Dara- Len combination in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in a phase 1b study (MajesTEC-2;NCT04722146). Method(s): Eligible patients who received 1-3 prior lines of therapy (LOT), including a proteasome inhibitor and immune-modulatory drug, were given weekly doses of Tec (0.72-or- 1.5 mg/kg with step-up dosing) + Dara 1800 mg + Len 25 mg. Responses per International Myeloma Working Group criteria, adverse events (Aes) per CTCAE v5.0, and for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) per ASTCT guidelines, were assessed. Result(s): 32 patients received Tec-Dara- Len (0.72 mg/kg, n = 13;1.5 mg/kg, n = 19). At data cut-off (11 July 2022), median follow-up (range) was 5.78 months (1.0-10.4) and median treatment duration was 4.98 months (0.10-10.35). Median age was 62 years (38-75);87.5% were male. Median prior LOT was 2 (1-3), 18.8% were refractory to Dara and 28.1% refractory to Len. CRS was most frequent AE (81.3% [n = 26], all grade 1/2), 95% occurred during cycle1. Median time to onset was 2 days (1-8), median duration was 2 days (1-22). No ICANS were reported. Frequent Aes (>=25.0% across both dose levels) were neutropenia (75.0% [n = 24];grade 3/4: 68.8% [n = 22]), fatigue (43.8% [n = 14];grade 3/4: 6.3% [n = 2]), diarrhoea (37.5% [n = 12];all grade 1/2), insomnia (31.3% [n = 10];grade 3/4: 3.1% [n = 1]), cough (28.1% [n = 9];all grade 1/2), hypophosphatemia (25.0% [n = 8];all grade 1/2), and pyrexia (25% [n = 8];grade 3/4: 6.3% [n = 2]). Febrile neutropenia frequency was 12.5% (n = 4). Infections occurred in 24 patients (75.0%;grade 3/4: 28.1% [n = 9]). Most common were upper respiratory infection (21.9% [n = 7]), COVID-19 (21.9% [n = 7]), and pneumonia (21.9% [n = 7]). Three (9.4%) had COVID-19 pneumonia. One (3.1%) discontinued due to COVID-19 infection and this patient subsequently died of this infection. Overall response rate (ORR, median follow-up) was 13/13 (8.61 months) at 0.72 mg/kg and 13/16 evaluable patients (less mature at 4.17 months) at 1.5 mg/kg. 12 patients attained very good/better partial response at 0.72 mg/kg dose, and response was not mature for 1.5 mg/kg group. Median time to first response was 1.0 month (0.7-2.0). Preliminary pharmacokinetic concentrations of Tec-Dara- Len were similar as seen with Tec monotherapy. Tec-Dara- Len- treatment led to proinflammatory cytokine production and T-cell activation. Conclusion(s): The combination of Tec-Dara- Len has no new safety signals beyond those seen with Tec or Dara-Len individually. Promising ORR supports the potential for this combination to have enhanced early disease control through the addition of Tec. These data warrant further investigation.
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Background & Aim: Ricin is one of the most lethal toxins, particularly if inhaled, and is considered a biological threat agent due to its wide availability and ease of production. Pulmonary ricin intoxication manifests in ARDS, cytokine storm, immune infiltration, and severe edema. Passive immunization is the preferred measure against pulmonary ricinosis, but only if administered shortly after exposure. Despite their potential to remedy pulmonary injury and inflammation, mesenchymal cell (MSC) therapies were never investigated in ricinosis. Here, we report the potential for treating pulmonary ricinosis with MesenCure, a professionalized allogeneic MSC therapy shown to reduce the mortality of patients suffering from severe pulmonary manifestations of COVID by 68%. Methods, Results & Conclusion(s): Preliminary studies demonstrated positive MesenCure effects in a sub-lethal pulmonary ricinosis model in CD1 mice. This model is regarded as highly translational due to the broad heterogeneity of these outbred mice. Positive effects included a reduction in excess protein content of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by 45% when MesenCure was injected intravenously (IV) at 125k cells/animal, 48h post-exposure (PE) and evaluated one day later (p<0.05, Fig. 1A). Moreover, we found up to 52% reduction in the excess BALF leukocytes, when MesenCure was injected IV, 24h PE using the same dose (p<0.05, Fig. 1B) or 6h PE using a double dose (p<0.01, Fig. 1C), and evaluated two days PE. Optimizing the dose and administration route further improved the therapeutic outcome of MesenCure applied 6h PE as assessed by weight loss. As shown in Fig. 1D-E, IV injection of 250k-500k MesenCure cells/animal slightly protected the intoxicated animals against weight loss (p for treatment x time interaction <0.01 or <0.05 for 250k and 500k cells/animal, respectively). Interestingly, one million cells IV resulted in a lesser effect (not shown), however when injected subcutaneously (SC), 1M cells were very effective (p<0.001, Fig. 1F), seemingly even more effective than 2M cells/animal SC (Fig. 1G). Surprisingly, 2M thawed cells/animal injected SC protected the animals against weight loss almost completely (p<0.0001, Fig. H). In conclusion, we provide evidence for the potential of SC MSCs, specifically MesenCure, for treating pulmonary ricinosis and possibly other forms of ARDS. In agreement with Giri and Galipeau (2020), we provide further evidence for the dependency of MSC outcomes on their specific state and administration route. [Figure presented]Copyright © 2023 International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy
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Acute toxic leukoencephalopathy (ATL) and delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) are two possible adverse entities related to opioid intoxication (OI), each having a distinct clinical course. While ATL shows a monophasic course with gradual neurological deterioration, DPHL has a distinct biphasic course. We report a case of ATL along with a case of DPHL happening in young male patients with OI, including their clinical courses as well as imaging characteristics with comparable time intervals. Initially, both leukoencephalopathies typically show magnetic resonance imaging findings with confluent and symmetric white matter (WM) abnormalities in the periventricular regions on T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images along with restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging. The DPHL patient however also presented with WM cystic substance loss in the deterioration phase, several weeks after hospital admission, which was previously described in a case of DPHL. Interestingly, similar WM changes have recently been observed in virus-associated necrotizing disseminated acute leukoencephalopathy in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 which may suggest a common pathophysiological mechanism. Knowing the distinct imaging features of ATL and DPHL along with their typical clinical courses can provide a faster and more reliable differentiation between these two entities.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused people to stay indoors, resulting in social isolation and reluctance to access healthcare services in hospitals because of the fear of acquiring COVID-19. This fear caused a decrease in health service utilization during the pandemic. Aims: To compare paediatric forensic cases admitted to an emergency department before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We retrospectively compared the age, sex, type, frequency, and distribution of forensic cases admitted to the Paediatric Emergency Department of Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye, before the COVID-19 pandemic between 1 July 2019 and 8 March 2020, and during the pandemic between 9 March and 31 December 2020. Results: There were 226 paediatric forensic cases among 147 624 emergency admissions before the COVID-19 pandemic, and 253 among 60 764 admissions during the pandemic. The proportion of forensic cases increased from 0.15% before the pandemic to 0.41% during the pandemic. Intoxication by accidental ingestion was the most common reason for forensic cases before and during the pandemic. There was a significant increase in ingestion of corrosive material during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period. Conclusion: Parental anxiety and depression caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown resulted in decreased attention to childcare, leading to increased accidental ingestion of harmful materials among paediatric forensic cases admitted to the emergency department.
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COVID-19 , Humans , Child , COVID-19/epidemiology , Communicable Disease Control , Pandemics , Retrospective Studies , Emergency Service, HospitalABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: In every tertiary care hospital, casualty deals with the emergency cases of which the majority are Medico legal cases. The knowledge about the incidence of Medico legal cases is important to recognise the socioeconomic burden. The present study was conducted to scrutinize different Medicolegal cases at the emergency department of Mediciti Hospital, Medchal. The idea of the study was to find out frequency of several types of medico legal cases at casualty of Mediciti Hospital, Medchal. Material(s) and Method(s): It was a record based cross sectional study in which all the MLC cases registered in MLC record book from March 2020-March 2021 were analyzed. The data was collected on age, sex, type of Medico legal cases, road traffic accidents, mode of occurrence, month-wise distribution of medico legal cases and the time of occurrence. Results were expressed in numbers and percentages. Result(s): Out of all 355 registered medico legal cases, of which 258(73.2%) were males and 94(26.76%) were females. Maximum cases were from the age group of 20-29 years i.e., 127(43.09%). Majority of the MLC's registered we are due to road traffic accidents 144(39.7%) followed by Assault 49(13.8%), falls-43(12.7%), poisoning-43(12.1%), and injury at workplace-43(12.1%), accidental-14(3.9%), snake bite-8(2.2%) and others (7.4%). Conclusion(s): The present study shows RTAs account for a major part of MLCs. By proper education and training of safety measures among public decreases the cases. Enforcement of strict laws reduces the incidence of road traffic accidents. And also, strict laws should be amended to reduce the incidence of Assault.Copyright © 2023, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Home accidents can cause serious injuries, disabilities, and deaths. Approximately 40 million people were treated in hospitals annually because of injuries occurring in homes, and these injuries were responsible for approximately 76% of preventable deaths. The aims of this study are to compare the home accidents in the one-year period during the pandemic and the home accidents in the one-year period before the pandemic, and to reveal how the home accidents are affected in which part of the home and in which types of injuries. A retrospective study was made of the records of patients injured in home accidents between pre-pandemic and pandemic one-year periods. The patients were classified according to age groups, gender, season, day and time of the home accident, accident type, part of the home, trauma localization and type, and severity of injuries. While 46.5% of the 581 injured patients were before the pandemic, 53.5% were in the pandemic period. The injuries increased as the number of households staying at home increased compared to the pre-pandemic period. Likewise, there was a significant increase in the number of falls from balconies and windows during the pandemic period. It is still not possible to make a definite prediction about the course of the pandemic. In this context, it is of great importance to provide information on prevention from home accidents, especially in television programs and distance education activities.Copyright © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
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Background and aims: A wide variety of pathological conditions involve the lungs. In autopsy, the lungs are examined for disease, injury and other findings suggesting cause of death or related changes.Aims & Objectives: The present study aimed to study the histomorphological spectrum of lung lesions at autopsy and to assess the frequency of different types of lesions;and to associate histomorphological changes with cause of death.Material and Methods: It was a one-year observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Govt. Medical College, Jammu. Lung tissue pieces from all medicolegal autopsies received were fixed, examined grossly, processed;paraffin embedded sections obtained were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and examined under microscope. Findings were recorded and tabulated. Result(s): Out of 264 cases, males were predominantly affected (84%);median age was 38 years. The various changes observed were congestion (68%), edema (45.4%), pneumonia (5%), granulomatous inflammation (3%), diffuse alveolar damage (1.5%), haemorrhage (14.4%), interstitial changes (60%), malaria (0.4%) and malignancy (0.4%). Natural deaths were the commonest cause (75, 28%) followed by asphyxial deaths (65, 24.6%). Conclusion(s): Histopathological examination of lung autopsies highlights many incidental findings, establishes underlying cause of death, serves as a learning tool and also holds scope for detection of newer diseases.Copyright © 2023 JK Science.
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Introducction:-Covid 19 started out as a fast-spreading viral disease, in Wuhan in 2019. Soon, it spread across the globe and WHO declared it a Pandemic. Various countries took various measures to control its spread and transmission. By the time, countries recovered from it, a new wave would come along with different expressions and pathophysiology. When Covid 19 began, various health agencies in India started making protocols and standard ooperating procedures including conducting autopsies in COVID-19 infected bodies. Aims and Objectives:-Aim of our study is to analyze cause of death among all covid 19 positive cases brought for medicolegal autopsies from the time of lockdown for a period of one year. Our aim is to see if there were any factors which could have prevented these deaths. Material(s) and Method(s): A retrospective study of 1 year conducted from 25th March 2020 to 24th March 2021, (1st wave of Covid 19) was done in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore. (Bowring and Lady Curzon hospital) Results: 39 Covid-19-positive unnatural deaths were handled with the youngest being 18 years old and the oldest beings 83. The majority turned out to be suicides (51.28%), then RTAs, falls, and natural death. The commonest method of suicide was hanging (35.89%), followed by poison consumption, and falling from a height. Conclusion(s): COVID-19 is a viral infection with variable clinical signs and variable fatality rates. There is much to learn about it. However, suicides in COVID-19 cases might not have ended death if some care, timely diagnosis, and treatment were provided.Copyright © 2023, Institute of Medico-legal Publication. All rights reserved.
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Kounis syndrome is defined by the appearance of acute coronary events associated to anaphylactic symptoms. The pathophysiological mechanism is still uncertain, however, coronary vasospastic activity secondary to a hypersensitivity type I response is postulated as a triggering factor. In the con-text of an accident due to a massive bee's attack, poisoning syndrome also occurs, where the poison components directly damage the myocardium. Kounis syndrome has been reported in SARS-CoV-2 infection, opening the possibility of other mechanisms, among which the cytokine storm stands out. This narrative review aims to consider the mechanisms of damage in Kounis syndrome secondary to poisoning by a massive bee attack and its relationship with the development of short-term complications.Copyright © 2023 Universidad de Antioquia.
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Background: Drug abuse is considered a global and growing problem worldwide. Emergency medical care is required for acute intoxication, which adds to the threat of COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pattern of acute toxicity in drug abuse patients admitted to National Environmental and Clinical Toxicology and Research Methods: This comparative study included 978 cases admitted to NECTR during 12 months before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018-2019) and 12 months during the pandemic (2020-2021). Results: The number of cases during the pandemic was lower than before;adults and men predominate in both periods. During the pandemic, cannabis, heroin, opium, and alcohol showed a mild increase, while the new synthetic drugs, tramadol, and pregabalin, showed a mild decrease. A significant increase in discharges and a decrease in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions were observed during the pandemic. Besides, more oxygen (O2) therapy was required, and more cases died on mechanical ventilation. The worst outcome was associated with old age, male gender, heroin and opium toxicity, and the highest score of poisoning severity. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a definite reforming effect on the pattern of intoxication by drugs of abuse in NECTR, Egypt.
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PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a decline in mental health of adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the rate of deliberate self-poisonings (DSPs) among adolescents reported to the Dutch Poisons Information Center before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A retrospective study from 2016 until 2021 was performed to characterize DSPs among adolescents, and to analyze trends in the number of DSPs. All DSPs among adolescents with the age of 13 up to and including 17 years were included. DSP characteristics included: age, gender, bodyweight, used substance, dose, and treatment advice. Trends in the number of DSPs were analyzed using time series decomposition and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models. RESULTS: Six thousand nine hundred fifteen DSPs in adolescents were recorded from January first 2016 until December 31st 2021. Females were involved in 84% of adolescent DSPs. A strong increase in the number of DSPs was observed in 2021 (45% increase compared to 2020), which deviated from the predicted trend based on previous years. This increase was most prominent in 13-, 14-, and 15-year-old female adolescents. Commonly involved drugs were paracetamol, ibuprofen, methylphenidate, fluoxetine, and quetiapine. The contribution of paracetamol rose from 33% in 2019 to 40% in 2021. DISCUSSION: The strong increase in the number of DSPs during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that long-term containment measures such as quarantines, lockdowns, and school closures may enhance self-harm behavior among adolescents, especially among younger females (13-15 years of age), with a preference for paracetamol as DSP substance.
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Objective: To explore the clinical safety of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) by mining the risk signals of adverse events (AEs) related to LPV/r for the safe application of the drug in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). Method(s): The risk signals related to LPV/r in AE reports of US FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from the first quarter of 2010 to the third quarter of 2019 were mined by reporting odds ratio (ROR). An AE with reports more than 3 and 95% confidence interval (CI) lower limit of ROR greater than 1 was defined as a positive signal. AEs were counted and classified using the preferred system organ class (SOC) and preferred term (PT) of Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). The PTs of top 50 adverse event reports and signal strength were selected and analyzed. Result(s): From the first quarter of 2010 to the third quarter of 2019, a total of 13 335 AE reports with LPV/r as the primary suspicious drug were reported in the FAERS database. Four hundred and fifty-five AE risk signals with reports more than 3 and the 95%CI lower limit of ROR greater than 1 were detected, involving 7 718 AE reports. The top 2 system organs involved in AE reports were "injury, poisoning and procedural complications" [13.6% (1 051/7 718)] and "pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions" [11.7% (899/7 718)]. However, 998 (95.0%) of 1051 AE reports involved in "injury, poisoning and procedural complications" were related to drug exposure during pregnancy. The system organ with the highest signals was "congenital, familial and genetic disorders" [16.3% (74/455)]. In addition, 144 AEs caused by drug interactions were detected, which ranked the 7th in the AE reports. Conclusion(s): The risk signals of fetal, neonatal and infant abnormalities related to LPV/r during pregnancy were detected, suggesting that attention should be paid to the risk of using LPV/r in pregnant women and infants. The interaction between LPV/r and other drugs was also worthy of attention.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Objectifs: - Analyser le profil clinico-radiologique des patients victimes d'intoxications methyliques - Souligner l'interet diagnostique de l'imagerie dans l'intoxication au methanol. Methodes: Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective qui a concerne quatre cas d'intoxications au methanol etudies sur dossiers medicaux, colliges au sein des services de reanimation, neurologie et ophtalmologie du CHU Mohammed VI d'Oujda, durant une periode de 2 ans s'etalant de septembre 2020 au mois de septembre 2022. L'analyse a concerne les caracteristiques liees a l'intoxication. Resultats: Nos 4 patients etaient de sexe masculin, dont l'age moyen etait de 57 ans avec des extremes de 36 et 71 ans. La duree entre consommation et apparition des symptomes etait de 1 jour. Le tableau clinique etait domine par les troubles de la conscience et la cecite. Le bilan biologique a objective une acidose metabolique. 3 de nos patients ont beneficie d'une IRM encephalique objectivant des anomalies de signal caracteristiques a savoir une necrose putaminale bilaterale, une atteinte de la substance blanche et des voies optiques. Tandis que le 4eme patient a beneficie d'une TDM cerebrale montrant une anomalie de densite de la substance blanche frontale bilaterale. 2 patients ont beneficie d'un traitement symptomatique. 3 patients ont garde une cecite bilaterale sequellaire, et l'autre est decede suite au Covid-19. Discussion(s): l'intoxication au methanol et rare et grave engageant le pronostic vital et fonctionnel. Le diagnostic est confirme par un taux sanguin eleve de methanol. L'imagerie joue un role primordial dans l'explication des atteintes, elle objective des anomalies de signal bilaterales et symetriques des noyaux gris centraux, une atteinte des voies optiques et de la substance blanche sous corticale, du cervelet et de l'hypothalamus. Elle impose une prise en charge rapide afin d'eviter les atteintes qui sont irreversibles.Copyright © 2023
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Purpose - to establish the clinical and paraclinical manifestations of the course of COVID-19 in children, depending on age to predict the severity of the disease's manifestation. Materials and methods. The 60 children aged from 3 months to 17 years old with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were examined. All patients underwent general clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations and received therapy according to Ukrainian National protocol. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time PCR. Results. Thus, in young children COVID-19 begins acutely (90.0%) with intoxication (75.0%), fever (65.0%), nasal congestion (25.0%), rhinorrhea (20.0%), dry cough (60.0%), increased ESR and C-reactive protein (55.0%). The course of COVID-19 in children 4-6 years is accompanied by acute onset (85.71%), fever (85.71%), pharyngitis (85.71%), lymphopenia (28.56%), and no CT signs of lesions (71.43%). In children 7-12 years old, COVID-19 causes intoxication (88.89%), fever (83.33%), pharyngitis (55.56%), dry cough (77.78%), lymphocytosis (16.67%) with accelerated ESR (38.89%) and pneumonia (38.89%). The course of COVID-19 in children was older than 13 years old characterized by fever (73.33%), pharyngitis (66.67%), dry cough (73.33%), olfactory loss (20.0%), leukopenia (20.0%), ESR acceleration (20.0%), and a decrease in prothrombin (13.33%) without pulmonary lesions (73.33%). Conclusions. These data suggest that the severity and duration of clinical and laboratory manifestations of COVID-19 depend on the child's age. The course of COVID-19 in children of all age groups is mostly of moderate severity with a favorable prognosis ((56.67%) hospitalized children did not have any complications). Only children from 7 to 12 years old need additional attention due to the severe manifestations of intoxication (88.89%) and the risk of complications with pneumonia (38.89%). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.Copyright © 2022 Modern Pediatrics. Ukraine. All rights reserved.
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BACKGROUND: The use of disinfectants and alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR) to prevent COVID-19 transmission increased in the first wave of the infection. To meet the increased demand, the Iranian Ministry of Health issued an emergency use authorization allowing new manufacturers to enter the market, despite the limited capacity for surveillance of these products during COVID-19. Methanol poisoning outbreaks spread rapidly, and more people died from methanol poisoning than COVID-19 in some cities. The aim of this study was to analyze some ABHRs in the Iranian market to see if (a) ABHRs are standard and suitable for hand antisepsis and (b) contained potentially dangerous toxic alcohols. METHOD: Between February and March 2020, 64 brands of ABHR were conveniently collected from pharmacies, supermarkets, and shops selling hygienic products and analyzed using Gas Chromatography. World Health Organization and Food and Drug Administration guidelines were used to define minimum requirements for ABHR. For estimating the risk for acute methanol poisoning, we assumed a serum methanol concentration of 200 mg/L following ABHR ingestion was sufficient to cause intoxication. This threshold concentration would be achieved in an average 75-kg adult after consuming 8000 mg (or eight grams) methanol in 1-2 h. RESULTS: The median [IQR] (range) concentration of ethanol, isopropanol, and methanol were 59% v/v [32.2, 68] (0, 99), 0 mg/L [0, 0] (0, 197,961), and 0 mg/L [0, 0] (0, 680,100), respectively. There was a strong negative correlation between methanol and ethanol contents of hand rubbers (r= -0.617, p < 0.001). Almost 47% of ABHRs complied with minimum standards. In 12.5% of ABHRs, high concentrations of methanol were observed, which have no antiseptic properties but could cause acute methanol poisoning if ingested. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 initiated a policy for distribution and use of ABHR with little control. As ABHR and masks are still accepted preventive measures of the disease, non-standard ABHR compositions may increase the population's risk to both COVID-19 infection and methanol poisoning.
Subject(s)
2-Propanol , COVID-19 , United States , Adult , Humans , Iran/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Methanol , Hand Disinfection/methods , Ethanol/chemistryABSTRACT
The article presents current data on the role of therapeutic nutrition in the treatment and rehabilitation of children with acute viral diseases. The main violations in the nutritional status of children with viral diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as those caused by coronavirus infection, are described. The paper describes in detail the properties, indications for the use of new health food products in the complex therapy and rehabilitation of young children and older with various viral diseases. The developed therapeutic food products contain plant components with antiviral, immunotropic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities. The clinical and biochemical effects of a specialized product of general strengthening action for children from 12 months of age, containing vitamins and a biologically active phytocomplex, which provides a decrease in ASL-O titers, an increase in the concentration of serum IgA, and indicators of phagocytic activity, are described in detail. A clinical study of a new domestic medical food product used for colds showed its effects in improving the general condition and accelerating the recovery time, reducing inflammation in the ENT organs and coughing. The authors of the article recommend that in the course of viral diseases (influenza, COVID-19, etc.) with symptoms of dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, as a therapeutic food for children from 1 year old, therapeutic jelly for disorders in the gastrointestinal tract, which helps to reduce inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and normalizes microbiota. For older children (from 12 years of age) the following have been developed and clinically studied: a healing drink for viral diseases with vitamin D and a detoxification drink with immunotropic and detoxification activities, respectively. All studied domestic health food products are clinically safe. The article provides detailed recommendations on the use of new therapeutic food products for viral pathology in children. © 2023, Remedium Group Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Aim: Scientometrics refers to the analysis of scientific literature related to a certain field. Even though the number of publications on methyl alcohol poisoning has recently increased, there has been no bibliometric or scientometric analysis conducted to date. In 2020 in particular, cases of methyl alcohol poisoning have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which is expected to draw greater attention to this field. Material(s) and Method(s): All data used in this study were collected from four databases accessed via the Web of Science. All studies published between 1980 and 2019 identified by searching for the keywords "methanol" and "poisoning" were included in the study. The relationship between the number of publications and productivity and characteristics of countries was analyzed with Spearman's correlation test, while GunnMap and VOSviewer were used to create infographics and infomaps. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki Results: A total of 744 articles, most of which were original (79.70%), were identified from the four databases accessed via the Web of Science. An analysis of the number of publications by country ranked the United States in the first place, with 174 articles (23.387 %), while the Czech Republic was found to have the most productive researchers. The most popular area was toxicology (20.565%), and Charles University was the most productive institution. It was found that the number of publications and citations did not increase over the years Discussion: The developed countries dominated the literature on methyl alcohol poisoning. It was further observed that articles on methyl alcohol abuse started to appear in 2020 in developing countries, which can be attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mistaken belief that it has anti-viral properties. Since the diagnosis and treatment of methyl alcohol poisoning are gaining significance, we recommend that researchers be encouraged to make further studies in this area.Copyright © 2022, Derman Medical Publishing. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The relevance of research on a novel coronavirus infection is associated with an increase in the incidence among children since 2021, which may be due to the accumulation of mutations in the virus genome and its evolution towards increased contagiousness, replicative ability, and evasion of immune protection. While there are many studies in adults, data analyzing the clinical course of the disease in pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are limited, particularly regarding adolescents. Objective. To study the clinical and laboratory features of the course of a novel coronavirus infection in hospitalized adolescents in Novosibirsk during the first, second and third waves of the pandemic. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of case histories of 125 children treated at Novosibirsk Children's Clinical Hospital No 6 with a confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus infection during three pandemic waves was carried out (June- August 2020, October-December 2020, June-August 2021). Based on these time intervals, three groups of adolescents admitted to the hospital during the first, second, and third waves of coronavirus infection were formed. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal scrapings was determined using the PCR-RT method. Biochemical and general clinical studies were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was carried out using the Satistika 7.0 software package (StatSoft, USA). Differences between the groups were assessed using the Z-test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Differences between the compared series were considered statistically significant with a probability level of 95%. Results. It was shown that during three pandemic waves (June 2020 - August 2021), more than half of the hospitalized children were adolescents. At the same time, regardless of the pandemic wave, intoxication, catarrhal and intestinal syndromes predominated in hospitalized adolescents. CNS injury symptoms were significantly less frequent in the first wave, as were skin rashes. Cough in the third wave was observed in 100% of hospitalized adolescents. The average values of the parameters of complete blood count, as well as CRP, D-dimer and ferritin had no statistically significant differences in different pandemic waves, but there was a significant variation in individual values within the groups in each wave.Copyright © 2022, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.